Meteor Crater

Almost 100 years ago, geologist Daniel Barringer developed a theory. He believed that a meteor had slammed into earth and created the crater just outside of Flagstaff. Those around him did not agree. They felt that the area around Flagstaff was known for its volcanic activity. A volcanic eruption was a better explanation of the crater’s creation. Barringer disagreed and staked a mining claim on the crater. He also began a search for iron and nickel, which he believed laid at the bottom of the crater. Barringer was partially correct about the crater. A meteor had created the crater, however the minerals he was in search of were never discovered. Today the Barringer family has opened the crater for visitors. You can see it for yourself.

Meteor Crater is a gaping hole in the ground, nearly 570 feet deep and more than 4,000 feet in diameter. This hole was made by a several hundred thousand ton meteor, which came crashing to earth at 40,000
mph, nearly 50,000 years ago. Meteor Crater is considered to be the best-preserved impact site on earth. The sheer size of this hole is hard to imagine. Try and picture a chasm deep enough for a 60-story building
and wide enough for 20 football fields. It is an amazing sight! The terrain of the crater is similar to that of the moon. This similarity interested NASA and in the 1960’s NASA decided to use the Meteor Crater for training. The Apollo astronauts used the crater as a practice ground for the moon landing.

At Meteor Crater visitors can see exhibits, movies and listen to talks about the crater. Meteor Crater’s Museum of Astrogeology gives a presentation on meteor devastation, along with the role it plays in the study of earth and space science. The largest meteorite ever found in the area is on display to see and touch. Meteor Crater honors the brave Americans who have ventured into space. The Astronaut Hall of Fame commemorates space flight. There are photographs, spacesuits and other exhibits honoring space missions. An Apollo Space Capsule can also be seen at the crater.

One of the most exciting experiences at the crater is the rim walk. The rim itself is about 150 feet above the surrounding plateau and 570 feet above the bottom of the crater. The sides are practically vertical below the rim. You can take the three and a half mile rim trail at the top of the crater, weather permitting. Hikers do need to have the proper footwear for the walk. However, hikers are not permitted into the crater. Astronaut Park is available for picnics and relaxing after an exciting day at the crater. The gift store has many unique items to take home. There is also a Coffee Shop on the grounds to sit and take in the experience.

Meteor Crater is open all year round. During May 15 through September 15 the hours are 6:00 to 6:00 and during September 16 through May 14 the hours are 8:00 to 5:00. The admission charge is $8.00 for adults, $7.00 for individuals over 60 and $4.00 for children 6 to 17. It is important to allow two hours for your visit to Meteor Crater. If you would like more information, you may call 520-289-2362.

You can get to the crater from Flagstaff by taking Interstate 40 east out of town for 22 miles. Then take exit 233 and follow the signs. It is only minutes south off of Interstate 40. If you are coming from Phoenix or Tucson take Interstate 17 north out of town to Flagstaff. Once in Flagstaff, take Interstate 40 east out of town. When you come to exit 233 take it and follow the signs to Meteor Crater. You can get to the crater from Winslow by taking Interstate 40 west out of town for 20 miles. Then follow the signs for the turnoff from the Interstate.

Flagstaff Arizona

Flagstaff is in Northern Arizona . It is in Coconino County. Flagstaff is the seat of government for Coconino County, which is Arizona ’s second largest county encompassing 18,629 square miles. Flagstaff is nestled at the base of the towering San Francisco Peaks. Mount Humphrey’s is the tallest of the peaks and is one of Arizona ’s highest mountains. Flagstaff is surrounded by the largest stand of Ponderosa pine forests in the world. Most Arizona residents affectionately call Flagstaff “Flag”. The town is located at the junction of Interstate 40, running east and west and Interstate 17, running north and south. You can get to Flagstaff from Phoenix and Tucson by heading north out of town on Interstate 17, until it ends in Flagstaff.

Flagstaff is sometimes called “The City in the Pines” because the town sits in the middle of a Ponderosa Pine stand in the Coconino National Forest. The town is also called “The City of Seven Wonders” because of it proximity to the Grand Canyon, Oak Creek Canyon, Walnut Canyon, Wupatki National Monument, Sunset Crater National Monument and the San Francisco Peaks. It is a wonderful town close to many outdoor activities. Today Flagstaff’s population is 50,708. Flagstaff is a lively place with Northern Arizona University students accounting for almost 20 percent of the town’s population. The town sits at an elevation of 7,000 feet. The climate is cool all year round. The low temperature in the winter is 23 degrees and the summer high is 80 degrees. These temperatures give Flagstaff four seasons. The town receives close to 20 inches of precipitation and about 84 inches of snow a year. This snowfall makes Flagstaff a ski resort town and hosts the state’s largest ski area. Flagstaff is a wonderful base to use to see the variety of outdoor spots and attractions. After a busy day of seeing the sights Flagstaff is the perfect place to come back to and relax.

There are many attractions in Flagstaff that you will want to plan to visit during your stay. During the winter months Arizona Snowbowl is the most popular skiing area in Arizona . When summer arrives, Snowbowl turns into a wonderful viewing area atop the mountain by way of the ski lift. Riordan Mansion State Historic Park is located near the Northern Arizona University Campus and is the largest mansion built in Flagstaff by two logging brother barons. Tours of this mansion are offered daily with a glimpse back in the early days of the town. The Museum of Northern Arizona is an outstanding place to learn about the Colorado Plateau and its geology, anthropology and fine arts. Lowell Observatory sits atop the hill near downtown Flagstaff. It was here inside the silver dome, that the planet Pluto was discovered. The Observatory has wonderful displays and tours. The Arboretum at Flagstaff sits on 200 acres. The Arboretum has a variety of plants, including many native to the area. Flagstaff has so many outdoor activities. Wupatki National Monument is located just north of Flagstaff. Here you will see countless ruins of community from long ago. The three story dwelling at Wupatki is the most striking. Walnut Canyon National Monument is another spot full of ancient ruins. The steep sides of the canyon walls hold cliff dwellings of the Sinagua people. Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument is
a spectacular sight. There are two trails that visitors can take to get an up close look at the volcanic formations. Meteor Crater is truly amazing. A 570-foot deep and 4,000 foot diameter hole was created after a meteor slammed into the earth. Meteor Crater has a rim walk that lets you see the crater from all angles.

Events:
Flagstaff Winterfest (520) 774-4505 February
Archaeology Day (520) 774-5213 March
Wool Festival (520) 774-6272 June
Pine Country Rodeo (520) 526-9926 June
Coconino County Horse Races (520) 774-5130 July
Flagstaff Summerfest (520) 774-5130 August
Coconino County Fair (520) 774-5130 September

There were four military surveys that passed through Flagstaff before the town came into existence. The first was by Captain Lorenzo Sitgreaves and Lieutenant James Simpson in 1851. Then in 1853, Lieutenant Amiel W. Whipple journeyed through the area. The next survey was in 1858 with Lieutenant Joseph Christmas Ives. Finally Lieutenant Edward F. Beale came through with camels used as beasts of burden.

All of these military surveys proved to be beneficial when it came to the railroad heading west. However, it wasn’t until 1876 when the first group of Bostonians arrived to start a new life in the west. This group did not last long. After being disappointed with the farmland and not finding any gold they headed back. Then in 1876 another group from Boston arrived. It was with this group that the name Flagstaff was created. There are many stories surrounding the manner in which Flagstaff got its name.

However, this one story seems to surface most frequently. The story refers to a lofty pine stripped of its branches and used to hang an American flag with rawhide strings for a Fourth of July celebration. The flagstaff became a symbol for the valley and could be spotted miles away. It was said that those journeying west were told to travel straight west, until you come to a flagstaff where you will find a good place to camp. Still, the second group of Bostonians did not like the area and they to left too. However, it was in this same year that Thomas F. McMillan arrived and set up his home near a spring. He is recognized as being the town’s first permanent settler. He built a cabin at the base of Mars Hill. Then in 1881, the first post office opened and the railroad barreled into town. Flagstaff began to grow. The town had timber, sheep and cattle and by 1886 Flagstaff was the biggest city on the main line between Albuquerque and the Pacific coast.

By 1891, Flagstaff had grown to 1,500 and Coconino County was established. The county soon became the second largest county seat in the United States. The famous Lowell Observatory was built in 1894. Dr.
Percival Lowell chose Flagstaff for its great visibility. This proved to be correct when the planet Pluto was discovered at the observatory in 1930.
In 1899, Flagstaff was home to the Arizona Teachers College. Later, in 1966 it became Northern Arizona University and is still regarded as one of the best small colleges in the United States. During the 1920’s, Route 66 was built and passed right through town making Flagstaff a popular tourist stop. It also became an important source of income for the town. Flagstaff was incorporated as a city in 1928.

Flagstaff continues to grow today. The city has so much to offer with outstanding outdoor activities minutes away and many attractions surrounding Flagstaff.

The Arboretum at Flagstaff is a great place to visit, especially if you have a green thumb. By the time your visit ends, you will be green with envy with the display of plant life at the Arboretum. Your experience will include native plants to the alpine tundra, coniferous forest and high desert.

The Arboretum covers 200 acres. There is so much to see, ranging from display gardens, a solar greenhouse, children’s garden, wildflower meadow, herb garden, wetlands, riparian area and nature trails. The Arboretum supports the conservation of rare and endangered plants. Research is done to help save a variety of plants.
You will want to stop in at the visitor center to plan out your day. The gift shop is another place you won’t want to miss. You will find something here to remind you of your visit.

The Arboretum of Flagstaff is open Monday through Saturday from 9:00 to 5:00 during April through December 15 and during the summer 12:00 to 3:00. For more information, call 520-774-1442.
The Arboretum of Flagstaff is located just 4 miles south of Flagstaff off of Interstate 40 on Woody Mountain Road.

If you are coming from Tucson or Phoenix take Interstate 17 north out of town to Flagstaff. Once you are in Flagstaff take Interstate 40 west out of town for about four miles. When you come to Exit 191 take it and then take Woody Mountain Road and follow the signs to the Arboretum.

Percival Lowell founded Lowell Observatory in 1894. He chose Flagstaff to build the observatory because its clean air and high altitude, which create exceptional visibility. Lowell spent his time learning about the planet Mars. It was through Lowell’s twenty-two year study of the planet Mars and his theory of the expanding universe that led to the discovery of Pluto, fourteen years after his death. Clyde W. Tombaugh discovered the planet in exactly the position that Dr. Lowell had calculated. The Clark telescope that located Pluto is still at the Observatory, housed in a historic wooden dome.

The Lowell Observatory continues to be active in research and welcomes visitors to come explore sky. There are hands-on exhibits that will interest children and help explain concepts. The Pluto Walk gives visitors an up close view of the sequential order of planets through the use of models. Tours of the observatory are offered throughout the day. These guided tours begin with a slide show describing the history of the observatory and its founder.

Lowell Observatory is open every day from 9:00 to 5:00 during April through October and 12:00 to 5:00 during the remaining months of the year. The cost of admission is $3.50 for adults, $3.00 for seniors and
students with I.D., $1.50 for children 4 to 17 and $10.00 for a family rate.
Night Sky programs are available on Wednesday, Friday and Saturday at 7:00 and 7:45. These evening programs are becoming increasing popular. It is important to call ahead for more information at 520-774-2096 or 520-774-3358. Lowell Observatory is located at 1400 West Mars Hill, near downtown Flagstaff. If you are coming from Phoenix or Tucson take Interstate 17 north out of town to Flagstaff. Once you are in Flagstaff take Milton Road through town, until you come to a bend in the road. Take Mars Hill Road on the left and head up to the Observatory.

Snowbowl Ski Area

One of best year round outdoor recreation areas in Arizona is just minutes from Flagstaff. Arizona Snowbowl has it all. Visitors will discover winter skiing, summer scenic sky rides, guided horseback
riding and alpine lodging. It has something for everyone anytime of the year.

Arizona Snowbowl is located in the San Francisco Peaks within the Coconino National Forest. The San Francisco Peaks are the highest mountains in Arizona , with the Humphrey’s Peak reaching 12,643 feet.
Arizona Snowbowl features a 2,300-foot vertical drop and a two-mile long run with an average of 260 inches of snow. Snowbowl has scenic slopes to entertain and challenge. There are 32 trails and four chairlifts to make the trip to Snowbowl fun. Winter visitors can choose from snow shoeing, skiing, cross-country skiing, snowboarding and skijoring.

Arizona Snowbowl is known for having the best learning terrain in the southwest. The Hart Prairie beginning area is ideal for those trying skiing out for the first time. There are group and private lessons available for all levels of expertise. Arizona Snowbowl wants to please their visitors, that’s why it offers so many services to its skiers. There is a full-service rental shop, a repair shop, several lodges, shuttle buses, a Terrain Park for snowboarders and skiers plus a ski school.

Ski prices start with an adult weekend/holiday all day 9:00 to 4:00 $37.00 or afternoon 12:00 to 4:00 $29.00, adult midweek all day 9:00 to 4:00 $37.00 or afternoon 12:00 to 4:00 $22.00, junior ages 8 to 12 all day 9:00 to 4:00 $20.00 or afternoon 12:00 to 4:00 $15.00, Senior ages 65 to 69 all day 9:00 to 4:00 and afternoon 12:00 to 4:00 $17.00 and both Seniors 70 and older and children seven and under ski free. There are season passes available. The best time to make your ski run is mid-December through mid-April. If
you would like more information on skiing call 520-779-1951 or to get a snow report call 520-779-4577.

During the summer, the Arizona Snowbowl reopens for sky rides to the top of the mountain. The sky rides are available from mid-June through mid-October. Visitors will take a ride up to 11,500 feet. Once at the
top, the 70-mile panoramic views are breathtaking. The view covers downtown Flagstaff and even includes the Grand Canyon. Besides taking in the sights, the Forest Service has an interpretive specialist available
to answer questions. The specialist will help to answer any biological or geological questions about the area.

The Agassiz Lodge is a terrific spot to rest and eat lunch either before or after the sky ride. There is a display area in the Lodge that offers information on the San Francisco Peaks. Live music can be heard on
weekends. The Lodge is open daily from 11:00 to 4:00. A sport shop is also located in the lower level under the Lodge.

The summertime sky rides are open everyday starting May 28th through September 6th from 10:00 to 4:00. The days do change after September 6th, to Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays only. The scenic sky rides cost $9.00 for adults, $6.50 for seniors 65 and older, $5.00 for children between 6 and 12 and children under the age of 5 ride free when accompanied by and adult. If you are interested in group rates, please call in advance. If you would like more information on skiing or sky rides call 520-779-1951 or to get a snow report call 520-779-4577. If a guided horseback ride is more your style, then Arizona Snowbowl has the ranch for you. The
MacDonalds Ranch, based out of Scottsdale, Arizona offers horseback riding adventures. Rides travel through the Ponderosa Pines in the Coconino National Forest with experienced wranglers leading the way.
The ranch is located at the Fort Valley Barn on Highway 180 and Snowbowl Road. Rides begin at 8:00 and continue till 5:00. Rides range in price from $24.00 for a one-hour ride to $36.00 for a two hour. The ranch does offer group, party and special event prices.

Hayrides are also available on the first and third Thursdays of the month. These hayrides are topped off with a delicious barbeque cookout amid the pines. Hayrides start at $10.00 per person with a limit of 10 people.
If you are interested in any of the outdoor activities at the MacDonalds Ranch, you may call 520-774-4481 for more information.

You can get to Arizona Snowbowl from Flagstaff by taking Highway 180 north out of town. After traveling for approximately 7 miles, turn right onto Snowbowl Road and follow the signs for 7 more miles to Arizona Snowbowl. If you are coming from Tucson or Phoenix, take Interstate 17 north up to Flagstaff. Then take U.S. Highway 180 north out of town for 7 miles. Once you come to Snowbowl Road turn and head on up to Arizona Snowbowl following the signs.

Sunset Crater Volcano

Over 900 years ago, Sunset Crater Volcano erupted sending ash over 800 square miles and lava down to the base of the crater leaving behind black rivers of hardened lava. The crater spouted great quantities of black ash, which completely engulfed the Indian pueblos, very much as Vesuvius covered Pompeii. Sunset Crater was the last volcano to erupt in Arizona . In 1892, John Wesley Powell, a Colorado River navigator gave the volcano cone its name. The name came from the way the volcano takes on a rosy shade right before sunset. The cone is dark in color at its base and gradually changes to a red, orange and yellow color leading up to its summit. It is a beautiful sight to behold.

Then in the 1930’s, Hollywood came to Sunset Crater Volcano and proposed using dynamite to create an avalanche for an upcoming movie. Local citizens protested and Sunset Crater became a National Monument. Today, visitors will see a cinder cone rising 1,000 feet above the ground. You can walk trails and stop at viewpoints to see this spectacular crater. The area abounds with fossils of various marine animals, evidence of the great sea that once covered this region. Two interesting volcanic features can be seen at Sunset Crater, they are squeeze-ups and hornitos.

Hiking is no longer allowed on the slopes of Sunset Crater because the footprints made created streaks, which ruin the beauty of the crater. It is important that individuals stay on the designated paths to protect this fragile resource. Hikers should come prepared wearing sturdy hiking shoes. Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument has a variety of trails for hikers. The Lava Flow Trail begins just one and a half miles east of the Visitor Center. It is a self-guided loop trail covering one mile. The
trail loops across a lava flow at the base of Sunset Crater. This hike explores volcanic formations. You will nee to allow about 45 minutes for this hike. The Lenox Crater Trail begins one mile east of the Visitor
Center. It provides a glimpse at the cinder cone. This trail is an easy climb, yet it requires almost an hour to travel round trip.

The Visitor Center should be the first stop when visiting Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument. A daily 45-minute program is offered at the center. There is a display showing the range of the volcanic field from Flagstaff to the Little Colorado. A hands-on exhibit allows visitors to see and feel volcanic rocks. The showcases represent a variety of insects and plant life, which live in the area around Sunset Crater. Programs are subject to change, so call in advance for exact times. Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument is open every day from 8:00 to 5:00 and during the summer 8:00 to 6:00, except on Christmas and New Year’s Day. The admission charge is $3.00 and individuals under 17 are free. The crater sometimes does close, due to snow in the wintertime. The best time to make a visit to Sunset Crater is during the spring or summer when the weather is mild. The area experiences windy conditions throughout the year. If you would like more information on the monument, you may call
520-526-0502 or 520-556-7042.

Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument is located 15 miles north of Flagstaff off of Highway 89. If you are coming from Flagstaff take U.S. Highway 89 north out of town, until you come to Sunset Crater-Wupatki Loop Road. Then take this road to the Crater. If you are coming from Tucson or Phoenix take Interstate 17 north out of town and head to Flagstaff. Once you are in Flagstaff travel north on U.S. Highway 180. Then when you come to Sunset Crater-Wupatki Loop Road turn and follow the signs to the Crater.

Both Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument and Wupatki National Monument are located close together. A 36 mile paved loop road connects the two monuments crossing a lava flow and rejoins U.S. Highway 89. It is a terrific experience, if you have time to take in both of these monuments.

Douglas Attractions

The San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge is in the bottom of a wide valley, just 16 miles east of Douglas. The wildlife refuge sits at an elevation between 3,720 and 3,920 feet and includes 140 acres. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service maintain the refuge. The refuge includes a portion of the headwaters of the Yaqui River. This river flows through the Chihuahua and eastern Sonora, Mexico.

The establishment of the refuge was in part to protect the endangered and threatened native fish of the Yaqui River. Black Draw flows through the refuge. This river has a riparian forest of Fremont cottonwood and black willow. The biggest portion of the refuge consists of desert scrub and mesquite bosque.

The water in the area caused a unique history to form. This history began back in the 1700’s, with the Jesuit priests. The priests came to the area for missionary purposes. Then in 1822, the San Bernardino Land Grant was established to encourage more settlers. Unfortunately, Apache Indian attacks forced the grant to be abandoned. Later on, in the mid-1800’s the area became a stopover for prisoners.

Then in 1887 John Slaughter bought the land grant. John Slaughter was a former Texas Ranger. Slaughter brought in a huge herd of Texas longhorns to start his ranch. He eventually built his ranch on the land. John Slaughter and his second wife branded their cattle with a Z. This brand was one of the first brands registered in Cochise County.

The Slaughters believed in using a gun and a rope when working with a herd. As time passed, word got out that no one should mess with his herds of cattle. In 1886, he ran for sheriff and won. He enforced the law in the county with a firm hand. In 1892, he retired from office and was an honorary deputy sheriff until he died in 1922. He was one of Arizona ’s cattle kings. Today you can visit the John Slaughter Ranch, which lies within the refuge.

This ranch is now a National Historic Landmark. The main house has been restored. Visitors will see family photos and furnishings. The ranch also has several outbuildings to see like a barn, icehouse, granary, commissary, car shed and washhouse.

You might also see an early 1900’s military outpost near the ranch. The outpost was once occupied during Mexican and Native Indian raids.
The San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge offers a picnic area. The Slaughter Ranch Museum is open Wednesday through Sunday from 10:00 to 3:00 pm. The admission cost is $3.00 and children under 12 are free. For more information on the museum, call 520-558-2474. If you would like more information on this trip into the San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge, you may call 520-364-2104.

You can get the San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge from Douglas by taking 15th Street east out of town. The street later becomes Geronimo Trail. You will follow this road out to a gate with a “Z” on the front of it. The “Z” is the brand symbol for the Slaughter Ranch. Please do not attempt the drive under wet conditions.

President Coolidge signed the bill in 1924, making the most scenic section of the Chiricahua Mountains a national monument. The Chiricahua National Monument covers approximately 12,000 acres. The Chiricahua Mountain range is part of the Coronado National Forest. This land was once the home of the Cochise and Chiricahua Apache Indians. The area has the nickname “Standing-Up Rocks.” This is not surprising, because many of the rock formations found in the Chiricahua’s are quite impressive. The Chiricahuas are noted for the rock spires and boulders balancing on top of smaller rocks.

Geologists believe that the formations were made from volcanic eruptions. The theory is that twenty seven million years ago, a volcanic eruption shook the land around the Chiricahua National Monument. This eruption was one thousand times greater that the 1980 eruption of the Mount St. Helens. This eruption called the Turkey Creek Caldera eventually laid down two thousand feet of highly silicious ash and pumice. This mix of ash and pumice fused into a rock called rhyolitic tuff. After years of erosion, the unusual rocks that are in the monument were formed.

The Chiricahua National Monument is also filled wildlife and a variety of plants. You will find this spot great, if you are a birder. There are hummingbirds, Zone-tailed hawks and trogons in the area. The Chiricahua’s also have both Southwestern and Sierra Madrean flora and fauna.
The first stop to the national monument is the visitor center. Here you will learn about the history of the area. There is a slide show and exhibits detailing the geology, wildlife and the numerous sightseeing spots in the monument. The rangers are happy to answer questions and recommend hiking trails. The visitor center also offers books, videos and maps for purchase.

The visitor center is open everyday from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm. There is a $4.00 charge to cars on you way in to the center. If you have any questions about the monument, you may call 520-824-3560. Visitors can get an overview of the park by taking a drive. The Bonita Canyon Drive travels along a paved 6 mile winding road. The mountain road goes through oak-juniper and pine forests up to the top of the Chiricahua Mountains. Here, at the top, on Massai Point you can see the park, valleys and Cochise Head. The point also has a geology exhibit and a variety of hikes begin at this spot.

Hikers can see the beauty of the area by taking one of the many trails in the Chiricahua National Monument. There are nearly 100 miles of hiking trails to choose from during your visit. It is important to be prepared when embarking on a trail. The visitor center is a great place to make your hiking plans. Hikes are best made during the months of March to May or October to November.

Camping is available at the Chiricahua National Monument. The campgrounds can be found a half-mile from the visitor center. There are no showers or hook-ups at the grounds. Campers will be charged $6.00 a day.
The Chiricahua National Monument requires all dogs to be on leash. Dogs are not allowed on any of the trails, except the Faraway Trail. Horseback riding is permitted, but rangers would like to be aware of their presence.

You can get the Chiricahua National Monument from Willcox by taking State Highway 186 south, until it turns into State Highway 181. There are several entrances into the National Monument from State Highway 181. If you are coming from Douglas, you will take State Highway 191 north out of town. When you get near Sunizona, you will head east on State Highway 181 to the Chiricahuas. If you are coming from Tombstone or Bisbee, you will head south out of town on State Highway 80 to Douglas. Then you will head north on 191 through Douglas. When you get near Sunizona, you will head east on State Highway 181 to the Chiricahua’s.

This National Monument is a real treasure. You should plan quite a bit of time for your visit. There is so much to see and do, that you will want to make a return visit.

Oatman Arizona

Oatman is in Western Arizona . It is in Mohave County. The town is located in the Black Mountains along Historic Route 66. Elephant’s Tooth is a quartz formation reaching high above town. Flanking the town are gray tiers of cyanide-mill tailings, smooth and graceful as frozen waterfalls. Oatman is in the center of activity with Kingman being 25 miles northeast, Needles, California 25 miles southwest, Bullhead City 25 miles northeast, Lake Havasu City 50 miles south and Laughlin, Nevada 30 miles northeast.

Overview:
Oatman is a true old west mining town. Throughout its history, Oatman has prospered and languished from mining highs and lows. Now it is a town eager to show its visitors a look back time. Today Oatman’s population is 400. The town sits at an elevation of 2,600 feet. The warm desert climate has a winter low temperature of 40 degrees and summer high temperature of 105 degrees. Visitors will find many attractions in town. There are several events offered throughout the year, which really make the town come alive.

Community Features:
One great attraction that you can’t miss when traveling through is Route 66. The historic highway travels right down the middle of Oatman. There are historic markers honoring this once great road that crossed the country from Chicago to California. 

Events:

Bed Races January
Sidewalk Egg Fry July
Gold Camp Days September
International Burro Biscuit Toss September
Christmas Bush Festival December

History:
In the 1860’s, soldiers from Fort Mohave searched the area around where Oatman is today. It is said that John Moss found gold in 1864. Unfortunately, the area did not reach its potential because of the Hualapai Indian Outbreak. The Hualapai Indians kept prospectors away for nearly thirty years.

Then in 1886, Jose Jerez found some rich gold deposits. Jerez teamed up with Henry Lovin, a Kingman merchant, and created the Gold Road Mine. Jerez sold his share for $25,000.

Later in 1902, Ben Paddock was riding along a trail, when he spotted a shiny rock. A year later, he sold the mining claim. Soon, the Vivian Mining Company was established. The mine produced three million dollars in gold. In 1906, Oatman consisted of just tents set up by gold miners and the area around town was sprinkled with small mines.
At first the town was called Vivian, in honor of the mining company. But in 1909, the name was changed to Oatman. There are several stories as to how the name was chosen. 

The most common story states that it was named after Olive Oatman and the Oatman Family Massacre. In 1851, the Oatman family was traveling by wagon across the desert near where Gila Bend is today. It was here that Indians attacked them. Royce Oatman, his wife and their four children were killed. Lorenzo, one of their sons, was thrown off a mesa and left for dead. Somehow, he was able to survive. Mary Ann and Olive, two of their daughters, were both kidnapped. The Indians traded the girls to the Mohave Indians living along the Colorado River.

Mary Ann died a year later, due to sickness. Lorenzo searched for his sisters for many years. After five years of looking, he found Olive living with a Mohave Indian family. A deal was struck and through the efforts of a local rancher, Olive was freed. The story sometimes goes on to say, that Olive had been held captive near where Oatman is today. Another story, explains that the town was named after John Oatman, a half-breed Mohave Indian. John claimed to be the son of Olive. No matter which of these stories are true, the name Oatman has stuck.

The Tom Reed Mine boomed in 1910 and breathed new life into the town, just as the Vivian Mine was about to close. By 1930, it was estimated that 36 million dollars worth of gold had come from the mines. The town boasted two banks, seven hotels, twenty saloons and ten stores. There were nearly 20,000 people living in Oatman.
Soon the mines began slowing down and some were closing. As luck would have it, Route 66 was built. The highway went right through the center of town and brought a much needed economic boost to Oatman. Many families traveled along Route 66 through the 1930’s and 1950’s. Oatman was the last stop in Arizona , before heading into the hot Mohave Desert in California. 

The old Oatman Hotel was built in 1921 and includes eight rooms. The hotel is believed to be the only two-story adobe building in Mohave County and is listed on the National Register of Historic Buildings. In 1939, Clark Gable and Carol Lombard spent their wedding night in the Oatman Hotel, after getting married in Kingman. Today, you can see the room that they honeymooned in.

During the war in 1942, the U.S. Congress closed down the rest of the remaining mines stating that they were not essential to the war effort. Oatman’s population took a dive. Then in 1952, the town received more bad news. Oatman lost the highway traffic. Route 66 was closed and the new traffic flow would be redirected to the south.

Chloride chose not become a ghost town; instead it became a place where approximately 400,000 tourists visit each year. Visitors come to get a sample of the old west. Oatman has live gunfights, saloons, entertainment, and specialty shops. It has also been the site of several movies like “How the West Was Won” and “Universal Soldier.”
A special treat that is unique to this mining town are the burros. You won’t be able to miss them. These burros are the descendants of prospector burros set free years ago. They roam the town in search of a hand out.

It is evident that Chloride will continue to be a town from the past living for today.

San Xavier Del Bac

The San Xavier Del Bac Mission is located on the Tohono O’odham Indian Reservation. The mission was named after the Jesuit Apostle of the Indies, Saint Francis Xavier. Today, “White Dove of the Desert” is the name given to the mission because of its beautiful white adobe brick rising from the desert floor. It is a magnificent building with Spanish mission architecture. This mission stands apart from other missions because of its domes, carvings, arches and flying buttresses. The murals and alter inside the mission are
quite impressive.

It all began in the early 1700’s, when the Jesuit Father Eusebio Francisco Kino came through the area in which the mission now stands. Father Kino was sent to help the Native Indians. The Franciscans built the present structure of the mission in 1783 through 1797. The purpose of the mission was to Christianize the Indians and to be the headquarters for a ranch worked by the Indians. In 1828, the missionaries were forced to leave the mission, but in 1911 they returned. Since then, the mission has remained the main church and the school for the Tohono O’odham Indians.

In 1997, an Italian craftsman restored the mission’s interior. This restoration has revealed detailed frescoes and vivid murals. Some say it is the Sistine Chapel of North America. There are legends about the mission’s missing the right tower. One legend says that it was never completed because of a tax that the Spanish government would have exercised if the mission had been completed. Another says that the Apache Indians destroyed it in the late 19th century. Still another says that if it ever was completed the mission would be destroyed.

Today visitors will have the opportunity to listen to a taped 15-minute lecture about the mission. These lectures are offered every hour. A 45-minute self-guided tour is also available.There is a museum that has displays of vestments and artifacts for visitors to admire. You will also find small gift shops across from the museum, where you will find a memento of your visit. The mission is open everyday from 9:30 to 5:30 pm. Church services are Monday through Saturday at 8:30 am and on Sundays 8:00, 9:30, 11:00 and 12:30pm. There is no admission charge, but donations are greatly appreciated. If you would like more information on the mission, you may call 520-294-2624.

You can get to the mission from Tucson by taking Interstate 19, south out of town toward Nogales. Then take exit 92 off of Interstate 19 to the mission. It is about nine miles off the Interstate. If you are coming from Phoenix, take Interstate 10 south out of town to Tucson. Continue through Tucson, until you come to Interstate 19. Take Interstate 19 south down toward Nogales. Travel on Interstate 19, until you come to exit 92. You will get off the Interstate at exit 92 and follow the signs to the mission. It is approximately nine miles off of Interstate 19. San Xavier Del Bac has withstood the ravages of time and weather, and it stands today in timeless beauty, visited by thousands of visitors each year.

Kitt Peak National Observatory

The Kitt Peak National Observatory is located on the Tohono O’odham Indian reservation. It is in the Quinlan Mountains, at an elevation of 6,875 feet. The location was chosen, due to its dry atmosphere allowing for 260 days a year of clear skies and its isolation from light pollution. The Tohono O’odham Indian Tribe has leased the land “until the end of time”, as long as the structure is not used for military purposes.

The Kitt Peak National Observatory is a three building research structure. The National Optical Astronomy Observatories oversees the site operations of Kitt Peak. The observatory has the McMath Solar Telescope, which is largest solar telescope in the world. The telescope is aligned with the North Pole. There are 22 optical and 2 radio telescopes from eight astronomical research institutions. Kitt Peak also has the Mayall 4-meter telescope, which is the nation’s second largest optical instrument. This observatory monitors solar, stellar and extragalactic activities.

Visitors will learn about the history of optical astronomy and how Kitt Peak Observatory has played an integral part in gathering research over the past years. Guests will take a tour and discover how astronomers have gained so much knowledge of the universe. One section that you won’t want to miss is the National Solar Observatory exhibit gallery. Here you will watch astronomers using the world’s largest telescope. Kitt Peak National Observatory offers visitors another unique opportunity. At night, the Visitor Center telescope dome is available for a tour. This tour begins with a light dinner, while admiring the spectacular sunset from the peak. Following the sunset, there is a complete tour of the night skies.

Using binoculars, star charts and a state-of-the-art 16-inch telescope, you will be able to look at the sky in a whole new way. It is a chance to see planets, galaxies, star clusters and the birth and death of stars. Night stargazing tours usually last three hours and is limited to 20 participants. Due to this tour’s popularity, it is required that reservations are made in advance. Since stargazing depends on the weather, if the weather turns poor, a decision will be made at 2:00 to determine if the tour will be held that night. If you are not a part of the nighttime stargazing tour, you will be asked to leave the peak at 4:00 pm.

Visitors should be aware that the temperature on top of Kitt Peak is almost 10 to 20 degrees cooler, than in Tucson. Please bring the appropriate attire, especially if you are participating in the nighttime tour. The nighttime stargazing tour spends approximately three hours outside. Also, individuals with cardiac and respiratory aliments should be aware of the steep walking paths to many of the telescopes. There are no food or gas services available at Kitt Peak, so come prepared.

It is a good idea to pack a lunch and eat it at the picnic area at Kitt Peak. Kitt Peak National Observatory does provide restrooms and wheelchair accessible facilities. The Kitt Peak National Observatory is open everyday, except New Year’s Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas from 9:00 to 4:00 pm. Guided tours are offered daily at 10:00, 11:30, and 1:30 pm. Tours are approximately one hour in length. The nighttime stargazing tour costs $35.00 for adults, $25.00 for students with I.D. and $25.00 for seniors over 55. The daytime admission cost is free.

The Visitor Center dome is available to reserve in its entirety for a large group, by calling in advance. You will need to call in advance to go on a nighttime stargazing tour. However, if space is available, you may be fortunate to go on the same day as your visit. You may schedule a group tour by calling and making a reservation. If you are interested in a group tour, call 520-318-8732. If you have any other questions, you may call 520-318-8726 or for a recording you can call 520-318-8200.

You can get to the observatory from Tucson by taking State Highway 86 west out of town. Continue on State Highway 86 for approximately 56 miles, until you come to the signs for Kitt Peak Observatory. Kitt Peak is an amazing spot. You will learn so much on a tour of this unique place tucked away in the middle of the Sonoran Desert.

Biosphere

Arizona has always had a way to helping investors blindly spend their money on crazy ideas. There was the bat guano mining operation in Kingman. It finally failed because fighter jets running the Grand Canyon kept cutting the cables that brought the guano out of the cave across the canyon.

The stories go on and on, but my favorite is the Biosphere project in Tucson. This little project help a certain billionaire spend a couple of hundred million dollars.

At one point the Biosphere 2 faced being razed. Today, about a year after The University of Arizona took over management of the building and surrounding campus, Biosphere 2 is a thriving research and public outreach enterprise, introducing new ways to answer the big questions in science. How knows how this story will play out, but I am really happy it is still around. Below is the story I wrote about it when it first opened its doors. A bit of history…

The Biosphere 2 Center is a great place to visit, especially if you have an interest in our environment. Here you can explore how man’s actions affect the world. This center is the western campus of the Columbia University’s Earth Institute. The Biosphere’s mission is to serve as a center for teaching, learning and research about the Earth and its systems.

The Biosphere 2 Center is located on a 250-acre piece of land in the foothills of the Catalina Mountains. The main structure on the property is large and beautiful. It looks like something from the future, with its glass windows surrounding the entire structure. It is the focal point of the grounds. This structure is used for experiments related to our environment. Once you arrive at the Center, you will have some choices to make on how you are going to spend your day. You will definitely want to participate in a tour of the Center.

Tour presentations are every 60 minutes. The tour includes a mile long trail through the Biosphere 2 Center. Along the trail there are knowledgeable guides to describe what you are seeing and answer questions. During the tour you will see a mini-biosphere, the Test Module and an Underwater Viewing Gallery. The tour concludes at the 3.15 acre Biosphere 2 structure. This structure cost $200 million to build.

You will also want to take in the exhibits, films and interpreters all of which will help you learn more about the goals and visions of the Biosphere. You will be intellectually stimulated. Another spot you won’t want to miss is the setting. Outside the Biosphere you will see the Sonoran Desert in its beauty. If you are a birdwatcher, you will enjoy this area.The Canada Del Oro Restaurant is a great place to sit down and eat a meal. The restaurant offers breakfast, lunch and dinner. From the Canada Del Oro you look out on spectacular views of the Catalina Mountains. Reservations are requested; you can call 520-896-6220 to make your plans.There are three gift shops on the property. Each gift shop is based on a theme. The Desert Digs, the Rainforest and the Coral Reef gift shops have interesting items for you to purchase to remember your visit.

The Visitor Center is open daily (except on Christmas Day) from 8:30 am to 5:00 pm. The last tickets are sold at 5:00 pm. and all exhibits close at 5:30 pm. It is to your advantage, to arrive before 3:00 pm, in order to participate in all the activities. The tour presentations begin every 60 minutes, starting at 9:00 am with the last tour beginning at 4:30 pm. The admission is $12.95 for adults, $8.95 for youth ages 13-17, $6.00 for children 6-12 and children 5 and under are free. Reservations are required for parties over 10. If you would like to schedule a group tour, you can call 1-800-828-2462 for more information.

The Biosphere 2 Center is located between Phoenix and Tucson, near the town of Orcale. If you are coming from Phoenix take Interstate 10 south toward Tucson, just as you are about to enter Tucson (about 20 miles north of it) take the Tangerine Road exit. Turn left onto Tangerine Road and travel 15 miles east to North Oracle Road. Turn left onto North Oracle Road/State Highway 77 and head north. When you arrive at Oracle Junction take the right fork and continue on State Highway 77 up to the Biosphere turnoff (approximately 6 miles).

If you are coming from Tucson, you will take Interstate 10 north toward Phoenix. Exit the Interstate at the Ina Road exit. Turn right onto Ina Road and travel east to North Oracle Road. Turn left onto North Oracle Road/State Highway 77 and continue to Oracle Junction. Take the right fork and continue on State Highway 77 up to the Biosphere turnoff (approximately 6 miles).

There are some things you should keep in mind if you are planning to make a visit to the Biosphere Center 2. The first thing is to remember to wear walking shoes and a hat. These items will make your tour most comfortable. Wheelchairs and strollers are available for rent, on a first come, first serve basis. No pets or picnicking are allowed on the premises.

I know you will enjoy your visit to the Biosphere 2 Center. If you really want to spend more time at the Center, there is a hotel on the property. You will want to look into special rates including the room and tour. You can call 1-800-828-2462 or 520-896-6200 to find out more. It is a great place to learn more about our world.

Grand Canyon Deer Farm

The Grand Canyon Deer Farm has been in operation since 1969. The name Deer Farm conjures up images of pens filled with deer, but this not the case. Visitors will walk with the deer and have many opportunities to feed them. But that isn’t all you will see. There are pygmy goats, antelope, miniature donkeys, buffalo, potbellied pig, chickens, peacocks, cockatoo, reindeer and llamas.

All of the animals are spread out on the ten-acre farm. The most popular animal is the 60 to 80 fallow deer, which make the farm their home. These deer will walk right up to you and start asking for a snack. You can feed them a cup of corn and pellets. Visitors will follow a path through the farm enjoying the many animals.

One of the best times to make your visit is during the months of May, June and July. It is during this time of year that the fawns are being born. Or you might want to stop in during April to see the bucks shed their antlers.

Some of the unique animals need to be portioned off from the public for your protection. You will be able to see them behind fences. The Grand Canyon Deer Farm wants your visit to be a memorable one and your safety is a priority. There are some animals that don’t mingle well with people. At the end of your visit, you won’t want to miss the large gift shop. Here you will find every kind of animal souvenir for you to remember your visit.

The Grand Canyon Deer Farm has varying hours, depending on the time of year. During March, April and May it is open daily 9:00 to 6:00, during June, July and August it is open daily 8:00 to 7:00, during September and October it is open daily 9:00 to 6:00 and during November through February it is open 10:00 to 5:00. The farm is closed on Thanksgiving and Christmas and if weather is poor. The admission cost is $4.50 for seniors, $5.50 for adults, $3.25 for children 3 to 13 and those 2 and under are free. Group rates are available, however advance reservations are requested. For more information, you may call 1-800-926-DEER or 520-635-4073.

The Grand Canyon Deer Farm has a large parking area to accommodate RV’s, semi-trucks, trailers and buses. You can get to the Grand Canyon Deer Farm from Williams by heading east out of town on Interstate 40
for 8 miles. Then take exit 171 at Deer Farm Road and follow the signs. If you are coming from Phoenix or Tucson take Interstate 10 north out of town up to Flagstaff. Once in Flagstaff take Interstate 40 west out
of town. Then take exit 171 at Deer Farm Road and follow the signs. The farm is about 25 miles west of Flagstaff.

You will love this stop. The kids will remember it forever. The animals are tame and you will definitely get a terrific photo of these adorable deer.

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